SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
Q.1. 'State is individual writ large' (Plato). Explain. [2012]
Ans. Plato considered the state as a magnified individual. It is the product of human soul. An individual has three parts-reason, spirit and appetite. The state also has a ruling class which is the rational part possessing knowledge and wisdom. Then there is the element of spirit and courage which is the military class in the state. The appetitive element is desire which is the source of hunger, thrist, love etc. This is the producing class in the state. So the state has all the elements of an individual. It is the macrocosm of the individual microcosm or individual writ large.
Q.2. Name three books written by Plato.
Ans. The three books written by Plato are:
i) Republic, ii) Laws and (iii) Statesman
Q.3. What is the name of Plato's school?
Ans. The name of Plato's school is Academy.
Q.4. What is justice according to Plato ?
Ans. Justice is the principle that binds together men in society. It is the principle of giving every man his due. The capacity or ability of man is not same. Plato discusses justice in terms of functions and services.
There are three parts of human soul-appetite, Ispirit and reason. Corresponding this we have producing class, military class and the class of philosophers or guardians. Justice is each man doing his duty. He must fulfil his station in life. "The city is just if each of its three classes attends to its own work".
Q.5. What is Plato's higher education system?
Ans. Plato's higher education system is Mathematics and Dialectics.
Q.Discuss Aristotle's communism of women.
Ans. Women and Family:
Aristotle provided a common-sense defence of the family. he did not abolish private households, for the family was a source of pleasure for both men and women, since it created and established a bond that united members, allowing them the space for the exercise and development of their individual talents.
Aristotle was critical of the Socratic-Platonic conception of communism, on the premise that to abolish the family would mean its destruction as a school of moral and civic virtues for the young.
Q.3. Examine critically Aristotle's conception of justice.
Ans. Distributive Justice:
Justice, for Aristotle, was a completel virtue, thought not absolute. It was in relation to one's neighbour. The social character of virtue was "universal" justice or lawfulness. Both Plato and Aristotle believed that the primary task of a state was to ensure justice.
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